A husband’s perspective on caring for his wife

Though this webinar has “PSP” in the title, this webinar about caring for a person with a neurodegenerative disease is applicable to everyone in our support group. It’s one of the best webinars I’ve heard.

CurePSP has a new approach to its educational webinars. They are no longer live events but are pre-recorded and then posted to psp.org. I received word this morning that a webinar recorded on 6/29/10 has been posted to psp.org:

Topic: Caring for a PSP Patient – The Husband’s Perspective
Presenter: Chris de Brauw (the husband of someone with PSP)
Date: June 29, 2010

[Editor’s note:  this link is no longer working —
http://psporg.presencehost.net/file_download/e6926b2b-842b-4c2f-9968-c7cbf31e3304 ]

This is one of the best webinars I’ve heard because lots of practical information is passed along. And Chris is obviously a loving and devoted husband.

Here are some notes I took during this 60-minute webinar.

Robin

=========================

Notes taken by Robin Riddle

Topic: Caring for a PSP Patient – The Husband’s Perspective
Presenter: Chris de Brauw (the husband of someone with PSP)
Date: June 29, 2010
CurePSP Webinar

(Mr.) Chris de Brauw and his wife Ann live in Evanston, IL. In his webinar, Chris encourages people not to put off their dreams.

As is typical with so many PSP families, the path to the PSP diagnosis is a long one. In 2004, there were the first signs of something not being right. There were major falls in 2005 on. For two years, Ann was diagnosed by various neurologists as having some type of dementia (vascular dementia, Alzheimer’s, FTD with MND or Lou Gehrig’s Disease, etc). Chris’s father had AD so Chris knew it wasn’t AD. Ann had good balance in the neurologists’ offices but had poor balance at home. A neurosurgeon attributed all the trouble to spinal stenosis and Ann had neck surgery (spinal laminectomy). It appeared for a week that the surgery was helpful but then the falling started again.

Finally, in December 2007, Dr. Tanya Simuni, a movement disorder specialist with Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago, came up with the diagnosis of PSP, which finally gave recognition to Ann’s balance and movement issues. Chris was already thinking that Ann might have PSP. Since that time, the family has received excellent help from NMH, the Rehab Institute of Chicago, and a care agency.

With the PSP diagnosis, finally the family knew how to deal with falls! “Knowing what we are dealing with has enabled us to manage the disease, and maintain some level of sanity. These rare brain diseases need better awareness in the medical community.” It’s critical that neurologists in particular know the diagnostic tools.

A social worker from Northwestern Memorial named Diane Breslow speaks in the webinar as well. Diane is on the CurePSP Board. She says that it’s not unusual for the patient to behave differently in the doctor’s office than at home. It’s important for caregivers to tell the MD what’s going on at home.

Chris notes that the limited research into these diseases is progressing very slowly and in piecemeal fashion, the research “will not benefit us directly. Our reality is that we are dealing with a degenerative, incurable condition that, ultimately, will be terminal. I have to accept this. What I can do and must do is to make this process as positive as possible.” As the Dalai Lama says: “Human suffering is everywhere, but being happy or unhappy remains a personal choice.”

One way to do that is to realize that you can’t do this alone and develop a support system. The support system includes medical and therapeutic support, a therapist for the caregiver, a social worker for the family, day-to-day care support, and family/friends/community.

Diane notes that support groups can be very helpful. Peer-to-peer support is an option. Palliative and hospice care can be very helpful at the appropriate time. There is no one single support that will be the answer. The support system can change over time.

The family’s first social worker was a free-lancer recommended by one of the neurologists. The social worker recommended the family move out of their Victorian home, where Ann kept falling on stairs. Another recommendation was that Ann get a personal trainer. Marla Brodsky, the trainer, has been working with Ann twice a week for nearly four years. They work on (or have worked on) balance, strength, flexibility, swallowing exercises, and walking. Marla is also a nutrition expert.

Friends and family now donate towards Ann having a bouquet of flowers each week.

Chris encourages families to keep going out to the same restaurants and stores. People in the restaurants and stores become helpful again.

Chris’s goals for staying positive:
1. Do whatever I can to keep Ann as well as possible for as long as possible
2. Keep our lives as “normal” as possible
3. Give Ann control over things she can control
4. Blame the disease when things happen
5. Learn to accept help
6. Look for easier, safer solutions
7. Keep people in the loop
8. Slow down
9. Make sure I take care of myself, and our caretakers

For goal #1, this is what they’ve done:
* Moved out of our house, into a condo all on one level
* Ann’s personal trainer
* Never gave up looking for a cause when the diagnoses didn’t add up
* Great diet, fresh foods, and cooking from scratch
* Minimize medications and eliminate things that don’t appear to work. At present, Ann is only on two medications.
* Do as much as possible and get in as much stimulation as possible, but protect her from doing too much

For goal #2, this is what they’ve done:
* Ann shops for food, and directs the cooking
* Sleeps in a regular bed
* Wears normal underwear
* Uses a regular napkin
* Does her email
* Sunday dinner with the kids
* Holiday meals as usual
* Regularly go out to our place in the country
* Visit familiar restaurants, where they know we will be making a mess

For goal #3, Ann controls what we eat, which movie we are going to see, where we eat out, what TV show to watch, when to go to bed, what clothes to wear, whom to invite over, etc.

For goal #4, no matter what happens we try:
* never to get mad at the patient
* say “no big deal”
* have a positive outlook: “never a dull moment” and “where would ‘Shout’ be without us?”
* not to panic when there is blood
* try not to blame anyone (yourself, the patient, anyone) when accidents happen
* we tried to avoid falls, but they still happen

For goal #6, this is a constant quest. As the disease progresses, you are challenged, all the time, with new problems to solve. Equipment they used and recommend: bike helmet; bedside commode that they’ve placed over the toilet; shower chair; UStep walker; lightweight transport chair with brakes at the top by the push handles; custom-built wheelchair that is good for sitting in long periods; balance ball and “balance exerciser”; pedaler for leg and arm exercising; chair cushion; eating using a dish with sides (like a gratin dish); raising the height of the dish (by using a thick book); plastic eye glasses (as the steel-rimmed glasses caused a major facial injury); nighttime rubs (bed-time is a moment for some caring rubs including Tiger Balm and a product called New Skin Scar Therapy).

Forget about installing wall-mounted bars around the toilet. But these bars are useful in the shower.

For goal #7, the family uses email a lot. Remember to recognize and thank people for their efforts and contributions.

For goal #8, Ann’s condition has been a “major lesson” for Chris in how to slow down the pace of things and be more patient. Chris says things to himself like “You have all day.” Chris takes naps to catch up on sleep.

The months and years add up. Chris and the caregiver Regina are getting better at dealing with the constant changes, the stresses and concerns. With Ann’s decreased mobility, the risk of injury from falls has lessened but the physical challenges connected with moving her have increased. The best way to prevent falls is to be very close to Ann. Ann’s decline has been gradual.

For goal #9, to fight stress, Chris takes off for a few days every 4-8 weeks. The hired caregiver Regina takes time off when she needs it. Chris sees a psychiatrist. Talking to the psychiatrist means that Chris doesn’t have to burden his children with his concerns. The family has a night nurse 3-4 nights a week to look after Ann so that Chris can sleep uninterrupted. Chris does yoga, swims, and plays tennis. He also plays chamber music with various groups.

Final thoughts: (note that Chris breaks down while reviewing this list)
* I am her husband and her pal
* I never try to act like a therapist. I leave that role to others
* I give her companionship and she does the same to me
* I try never to lecture her but just talk to her, encourage her, and take care of her
* I dress her, put her to bed, hug and kiss her good night
* I get lots of kisses in return

Diane notes that Chris is, obviously, emotionally connected to Ann. He’s on the same page with her. He’s not jumping ahead 3 months, 6 months, a year into the future. He’s by her side every step of the way. Chris is very open to learning from everyone. They all have something to give, and Chris is open to accepting this information. He also learns from his own experience. (Example: eye glasses.) He’s also a great observer of Ann. (Example: monitoring medication.) Very importantly, Chris takes care of himself. In keeping himself well, Chris is better able to help Ann. Chris has kept his own life, and that’s important.

Chris says to all caregivers:
* This is not easy
* You will be tired
* But if there ever was a time in your life someone needs to be able to depend on you, now is that time
* Find comfort in knowing that you know exactly what is most important: to be there and help and care
* Develop your support system
* It *is* an extraordinary experience — a journey
* Feel free to contact me: [email protected]

 

Ocular Issues – DLB, PSP, CBS

This medical journal article reviews ocular motility issues in aging and dementia, and includes PSP, CBS, and DLB among others (AD, PD, FTLD, CJD).

Here’s a link to the abstract:

Ocular Motility of Aging and Dementia
Pelak VS.
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports.
2010 Aug 10. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed ID#: 20697981

I’ve copied below a few excerpts related to three disorders within Brain Support Network — PSP, CBS, and DLB.

Robin


Excerpts from:
Ocular Motility of Aging and Dementia
Pelak VS.
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports.
2010 Aug 10. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed ID#: 20697981

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Ocular Motility Dysfunction
Systematic study of eye movements in DLB has been very limited. … Reflexive saccades are impaired in DLB, with increased latencies and antisaccades errors. Vertical and horizontal supranuclear palsies are rare but have been described. Balint syndrome may be prominent because of involvement of the biparietal cortex.

Visual Symptoms
Visual hallucinations are the most common visual complaint, but reading difficulties, difficulty focusing, and other visual complaints similar to those in both AD and PD…may occur.

Corticobasal Syndrome

Ocular Motility Dysfunction
The most prominent disturbance is increased saccade latency, which is greater for saccades toward the direction of limb apraxia and correlates with limb apraxia scores. On examination, some patients may use head thrusts to improve horizontal saccades. Convergence insufficiency and a high number of errors on the antisaccade test also may be observed. Vertical and horizontal gaze palsies and/or ocular misalignment may occur, but rarely to the significant extent seen, for example, in PSP.

Visual Symptoms
Patients may report difficulty reading, likely
because of problems moving their eyes from word to word and from line to line in the presence of severely increased saccade latency. If ocular misalignment or convergence insufficiency is present, patients will report diplopia.

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Ocular Motility Dysfunction
The diagnostic ocular motility hallmark is
limitation of vertical gaze, usually downgaze
before upgaze. Involvement of horizontal gaze typically follows. Supranuclear gaze palsies may appear months or years after the onset of other neurologic symptoms, and they usually are preceded by marked slowing of voluntary vertical saccades. Horizontal saccades also may be markedly abnormal with decreased saccade amplitude and velocity, whereas latency often is normal. Saccadic gain and smooth pursuit gain are significantly decreased… An increased frequency of square wave jerks is seen in 60% of PSP patients, and these are readily notable during fixation.

Visual Symptoms
Difficulty reading is an especially prominent
complaint because of the downgaze palsy. Diplopia is relatively uncommon because the gaze palsy usually is symmetric. Blurred vision and eye discomfort occur, and these symptoms more likely are related to decreased blink rate and inadequate tear production than to ocular motility disturbances; however, fixation instability and impaired convergence also may contribute.

WSJ survey of research into PD and various proteins

A local support group member forwarded me this terrific article in the Wall Street Journal today on cognitive impairment that occurs in Parkinson’s Disease. The article is a high level survey of Parkinson’s-related and protein-related research going on at the University of Washington (Seattle).

The article also talks about Alzheimer’s Disease a fair amount. The protein involved in the “tangles” of Alzheimer’s is tau. This tau protein abnormally accumulates in PSP and CBD.

Here are some excerpts:

* With Alzheimer’s disease, the patient often stops recognizing family. “With Parkinson’s, it’s like the family doesn’t recognize [the patient] anymore,” says Thomas Montine, a neuropathologist…

* Medical experts are increasingly recognizing the disease’s impact on cognition but research has been slow, in part because of the difficulty in sorting out the disease’s movement issues from the cognitive ones…

* One question is whether Parkinson’s patients with cognitive impairment simply have Alzheimer’s as well, or whether the deficits are caused by a different process in the brain.

* In a recent study at the University of Washington, Dr. Montine’s group studied 345 participants who were a mix of healthy volunteers, Parkinson’s patients with cognitive symptoms and those without such symptoms, as well as people with Alzheimer’s. … The data…suggest that classic Alzheimer’s pathology isn’t responsible for the cognitive deficits in most people with Parkinson’s. But the overlap suggests that treatments for Alzheimer’s could potentially be beneficial for Parkinson’s as well, according to Dr. Montine.

* Another question the University of Washington group is examining is whether cognitive decline is linked to low levels of the brain chemical dopamine, or whether it is the due to the loss of the dopaminergic neurons, which makes other substances in addition to dopamine.

* Dr. Montine’s group is also working on figuring out a better way to detect the presence of Lewy bodies. If the clumps could be detected in the blood or brain of a living person by a biological marker on, say, a brain scan or a blood test, the disease could be detected earlier—possibly even before symptoms show up—and its progression could be tracked…

* [Researchers] are studying the spinal fluid of patients who are known to have passed away from Parkinson’s and had Lewy bodies present in the brain. They have collected a list of promising markers—such as a protein called alpha-synuclein—that appear to denote the presence of these deposits. They are getting ready to start testing a way to tag these biomarkers in living patients to see if the presence of these markers in brain scans tracks with the progression of the disease.

Here’s a link to the WSJ article (available for free at present).

Robin

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142 … 00790.html

In the Lab
Wall Street Journal
August 10, 2010

How Parkinson’s Alters the Brain
Researchers Trace Clues to the Disease’s Effects on Patients’ Mental Ability
By Shirley S. Wang

[see the graphic on the WSJ website] http://si.wsj.net/public/resources/imag … 191016.jpg

Diseases of the Brain: Progressive conditions affect the body and mind in different ways

Alzheimer’s symptoms
====================
Cognitive: Memory loss and deterioration in thinking and planning functions
Physical: In mid-stage, disease could include slowness, rigidity and tremors

Inside the brain
The cortex, particularly the hippocampus, key to memory, shrinks.
Ventricles (fluid-filled spaces within the brain) enlarge.
Plaques (amyloid deposits) cluster between neurons.
Tangles (twisted proteins) are found within neurons.

Parkinson’s symptoms
====================
Cognitive: Loss of executive functions, including planning, decision-making and controlling emotions.
Physical: Tremors, stiffness and slowed movements.

Inside the brain
Cells shrink in the substantia nigra, where dopamine is produced.
Lewy bodies (clusters of alpha-synuclein protein) accumulate inside neurons.

Sources: Alzheimer’s Association, Parkinson’s Disease Foundation and helpguide.org

Typical cerebral metabolic patterns- PSP, etc.

These Dutch researchers gave FDG-PET scans to nearly 100 patients — 21 with clinical diagnoses of MSA, 17 with PSP, 10 with CBD, 6 with DLB, and some with PD, AD, and FTD.

“Disease-specific patterns of relatively decreased metabolic activity were found in…MSA (bilateral putamen and cerebellar hemispheres), PSP (prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus, thalamus, and mesencephalon), CBD (contralateral cortical regions), DLB (occipital and parietotemporal regions)…”

“This implies that an early diagnosis in individual patients can be made by comparing each subject’s metabolic findings with a complete database of specific disease related patterns.”

Robin

Movement Disorders. 2010 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print]

Typical cerebral metabolic patterns in neurodegenerative brain diseases.

Teune LK, Bartels AL, de Jong BM, Willemsen AT, Eshuis SA, de Vries JJ, van Oostrom JC, Leenders KL.
Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Abstract
The differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative brain diseases on clinical grounds is difficult, especially at an early disease stage.

Several studies have found specific regional differences of brain metabolism applying [(18)F]-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), suggesting that this method can assist in early differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative brain diseases.

We have studied patients who had an FDG-PET scan on clinical grounds at an early disease stage and included those with a retrospectively confirmed diagnosis according to strictly defined clinical research criteria.

Ninety-six patients could be included of which 20 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), 21 multiple system atrophy (MSA), 17 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 10 corticobasal degeneration (CBD), 6 dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 15 Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and 7 frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

FDG PET images of each patient group were analyzed and compared to18 healthy controls using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5).

Disease-specific patterns of relatively decreased metabolic activity were found in PD (contralateral parietooccipital and frontal regions), MSA (bilateral putamen and cerebellar hemispheres), PSP (prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus, thalamus, and mesencephalon), CBD (contralateral cortical regions), DLB (occipital and parietotemporal regions), AD (parietotemporal regions), and FTD (frontotemporal regions).

The integrated method addressing a spectrum of various neurodegenerative brain diseases provided means to discriminate patient groups also at early disease stages. Clinical follow-up enabled appropriate patient inclusion.

This implies that an early diagnosis in individual patients can be made by comparing each subject’s metabolic findings with a complete database of specific disease related patterns. (c) 2010 Movement Disorder Society.

PubMed ID#: 20669302 (see pubmed.gov for this abstract only)

“How can I be sure it’s PSP?”

I received this email this evening. Perhaps others can respond.

“I was diagnosed with PSP in 2006. I am 34 years old. How can I be sure it’s PSP? Well I was in denial for the longest time. I have gone to a second and third opinion. … My speech was the first symptom, I had everyone telling me to go to the doctor to get checked out. I brushed it off like I was just over-tired. When I finally went to a specialist, he told me I would be the perfect candidate for this disease called PSP with the exception of my age. He sent me to an eye specialist and he grabbed a drum like contraption with black and white lines. He spun it and said I had PSP. My balance has been an issue, with constant falls. And I cannot drink water like I used to.”

“Medicine for a disease that has no known cure is tough to find. I was on Sinemet for a while I went up to 12 pills daily. I stopped because it wasn’t having any affect on me anymore. I participated in that study with CoQ10, with no significant change or determination. I am currently taking Amantadine, it seems to help at least with the balance thing.”