PSP on “The Doctors” (3 minutes), CBD and MSA mentioned (7-11-13)

This email will mostly be of interest to the PSP folks, and maybe of passing interest to the CBD and MSA folks.

Local support group member Phil Myers sent me this info today.

Patricia Richardson, the actress who was on a show called “Home Improvement,” is the national spokesperson for CurePSP.  She was on “The Doctors” today (July 11, 2013).  “The Doctors” had segments today with actresses who played mothers on TV shows.

She talked about PSP, which is a disease her father had.  She mentioned CBD and MSA.  She said that the only person with PSP that we’ve heard of is Dudley Moore, and she said that Johnny Cash had MSA.  (I thought that the MSA community did NOT think Johnny Cash had MSA.)

When describing PSP, she said that it was a tauopathy, like traumatic brain injury that returning vets get and like football players.  I’m not aware that TBI injuries in war zones are connected with the protein tau.  Certainly, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a tauopathy that many athletes have been found to have on post-mortem brain examination.  CTE is caused in some way by repeated head trauma.

There was a graphic that came up when she talked that said 5 out of 100,000 people have PSP.  Ms. Richardson made the point that only one in three are diagnosed with PSPPSP is as common as ALS or Lou Gehrig’s Disease but people have heard of ALS.

Here’s a link to “The Doctors” webpage on today’s segment about health secrets from TV moms:

www.thedoctorstv.com/main/show_synopsis/1255?section=synopsis

On that webpage, scroll down to find a summary of info on PSP and a link to three short clips — 90-second PSP overview, 90-second comparison of PSP and Parkinson’s, and 50-second caregiver advice from Patricia Richardson.

I’ve copied the info from “The Doctors” website on PSP below.  (The details on the “synopsis” page were not all discussed in the segment with Patricia Richardson.)

Robin

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www.thedoctorstv.com/main/show_synopsis/1255?section=synopsis

Patricia Richardson on PSP Awareness
As the Home Improvement mom America could relate to, actress Patricia Richardson went from the TV limelight to being a national spokesperson for Cure PSP — an organization combating a rare and often misdiagnosed brain disease that claimed the life of her father and fuels her fight to find a cure.

“He probably had the disease [for] five or six years before we knew he did,” Patricia says. “We’re only really catching 1 in probably 3 people with it.”

PSP, or progressive supranuclear palsy, is a degenerative neurological disorder that causes abnormal movement, similar to that of Parkinson’s disease. People suffering from PSP develop sluggish body movement and stiffness, as well as balance problems and difficulty with eye and neck motility. PSP is caused by an inability to process natural waste from the cells in the brain. Most people can process this waste but for those with PSP, the waste remains in the brain and creates a protein that attacks the brain cells. Oftentimes, people are misdiagnosed with Parkinson’s and prescribed medication. If the medication proves ineffective, it signals that PSP may be the cause, as opposed to other brain diseases.

Approximately 5 people in every 100,000 will develop PSP, but only a third are diagnosed. Unfortunately, an official diagnosis usually occurs after death, when doctors can examine the brain during an autopsy to verify if the proteins that cause PSP are present. The best living diagnosis is if patients are not reacting well to their Parkinson’s medication. PSP usually develops in people in their 50s and 60s — not in the later years. The disease tends to last between five and 10 years, before patients die from related health complications, such as aspirational pneumonia and brain ulcers. Researchers speculate that there may be a genetic component to PSP, but the specific gene has yet to be identified.

(Note:  there’s a short ad before these video clips)

PSP Symptoms:
http://www.thedoctorstv.com/videolib/init/9405
This video is just over 3 minutes.  Caregiving and PSP are first raised about 1:33.  CBD and MSA are mentioned shortly thereafter.

PSP Explained:
http://www.thedoctorstv.com/videolib/init/9406
This clip is about a minute and a half.  It features Dr. Carlos Portera-Cailliau.  PSP is compared to Parkinson’s Disease.

Patricia Richardson’s Advice for Caregivers
http://www.thedoctorstv.com/videolib/init/9407
This clip is about 50 seconds long.  Patricia Richardson advises people to get into a patient advocacy group.  Caregivers are told to take care of themselves.  

Short Description of CBD and PSP (Northwestern Univ)

Quite awhile ago, Dr. Brad Boeve, an expert in PSP, CBD, and LBD from Mayo Rochester, recommended Northwestern University’s website on primary progressive aphasia (PPA).  I was looking at the website for someone today.  Many people diagnosed clinically with PPA end up with PSP or CBD upon post-mortem brain examination.

Northwestern’s website has a short webpage on PSP and CBD as well.  Looks like it hasn’t been updated in over a year because the webpage still talks about the clinical trial for Davunetide (where a negative result was reported at the end of 2012).

I’m copying the webpage on PSP and CBD below because I think there’s great value in short webpages that can easily be shared with friends, family, care facilities, and aides.

Robin

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brain.northwestern.edu/dementia/otherdementia/psp.html

Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD) & Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)

Overview

Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD)  and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are Parkinson’s-plus syndrome, meaning that they are diseases that share some of the symptoms of Parkinson Disease such as slowing of movements, stiffness, tremors, falls, and shuffling of the feet. They may both also cause changes in memory and thinking.

Symptoms

In addition to these symptoms, people with PSP also develop problems moving their eyes, called supranuclear palsy, a wide-eyed appearance, and difficulty swallowing. Unlike Parkinson Disease, people often fall backward instead of forward. They may also develop severe stiffness in the neck.

There are several variations on the name of CBD, such as corticobasal syndrome or disease, and corticobasal ganglionic degeneration. It is named after the parts of the brain that are damaged, the cortex, which is the outer part of the brain, and the basal ganglia, which are deep within the brain. Like Parkinson Disease, slowing of movements, stiffness, tremors, falls, and shuffling of the feet can be seen. Problems with movements occur on one side of the body, such as stiffness, shaking, or loss of control. People with CBD may be unable to get their arm to do what they want even if they know how. Sometimes, the arm on that side might move on its own, called alien limb syndrome.

Not all people with PSP and CBD develop problems with memory, thinking, behavior or language. However, in some people, these problems do arise. In fact, sometimes these problems are the first symptoms, and the more classic symptoms listed above develop later.

People with PSP can develop a loss of motivation. They may lose interest in their everyday activities. Problems may arise with attention and concentration. They may lose the ability to control their mouth to speak, called apraxia of speech, or progressive slurring of speech, called dysarthria.

People with CBD can develop loss of inhibition. They may act or speak rudely or crudely, or seem to lose empathy for others. They may also have difficulty with attention and concentration. A type of language difficulty where understanding grammar and speaking in full sentences can develop, or can be the first symptom.

Progression

All the symptoms of PSP and CBD get worse as the diseases progress. Eventually, people may become completely bedbound and unable to safely walk. Swallowing problems may lead to choking on food or getting food in the lungs, leading to pneumonia. On average, people with these diseases die within 5 years of diagnosis. Death is usually from complications of falls or swallowing problems.

Diagnosis and Treatment

How it’s diagnosed
CBD and PSP are diagnosed based on the signs and symptoms above by a qualified doctor. Oftentimes, an MRI and basic bloodwork is done to make sure that there are no other explanations for the symptoms.

Medications
There are currently no drugs that are proven to reverse the damage in either PSP or CBD. However, some medications can be helpful for symptom control in these conditions. Some people have improvement of their movements with Parkinson Disease medication, such as carbidopa-levodopa, but in general, they are less effective than in Parkinson Disease. For people with severe stiffness, muscle relaxants and Botox may be useful. Depression and motivation problems may respond to antidepressants. In severe disease, antipsychotic medications can help treat agitation, but should not be used except when absolutely needed.

Non-pharmacological interventions

Supportive treatment for problems with behavior, swallowing, speech and communication, falls and mobility are available. Many people with PSP or CBD benefit immensely from occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech therapy.

Research

Currently, a clinical trial is underway to see if a new medication called davunetide will be useful in treatment of PSP. We do not yet know what the results will be.

This page last updated Jun 19, 2012

“What is atypical parkinsonism and how does it differ from PD?”

This blog post from the Northwest Parkinson’s Foundation (nwpf.org) is a short overview of atypical parkinsonism disorders.

The author, movement disorder specialist Monique Giroux, MD, uses the term “Lewy body disease,” rather than “Lewy body dementia.”  Multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy are included as well but corticobasal degeneration is excluded.  Normal pressure hydrocephalus and Wilson’s disease are included on the list of neurodegenerative disorders that can cause parkinsonism.

The blog post is copied below.

Robin

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nwpf.org/stay-informed/blog/2013/06/what-is-atypical-parkinsonism-and-how-does-it-differ-from-pd/

PD Community Blog
What is atypical parkinsonism and how does it differ from PD?
by Monique L. Giroux, MD, Former Medical Director of NWPF
Northwest Parkinson’s Foundation
Monday, June 24, 2013

Atypical parkinson’s, parkinsonism, and parkinson’s plus are all terms used to describe syndromes that share features similar to Parkinson’s disease but are different conditions. These conditions are described below.

Just like Parkinson’s disease, the diagnosis is often a clinical one relying on an examination by a neurologist knowledgeable in these conditions. Because of this, the diagnosis may not be obvious at your first doctor’s visit and an accurate diagnosis may take time.

Common features of atypical parkinsonism that differentiate it from Parkinson’s disease are:
– Symptoms present on both sides of the body at onset.
– Early cognitive problems.
– Early problems with balance, falls and/or freezing of gait.
– Early problems with autonomic function such as orthostatic hypotension (lightheadedness when standing from low blood pressure.)
– Earlier speech and swallowing problems.
– Faster progression
– Limited improvement with medicine.
– Significant visual problems such as double vision, trouble focusing while reading.

Specific conditions include (note:  this list does not include all disorders)

Neurodegenerative Conditions. These conditions are associated with degeneration or nerve cell loss over time.

* Lewy Body Disease. Cognitive problems, hallucinations and fluctuations in levels of alertness are present within the first year of movement problems. Motor symptoms can otherwise mimic Parkinsons disease.

* Multiple System Atrophy (MSA): Slowness, walking problems, imbalance, and early autonomic nervous system problems (Orthostatic hypotension, constipation, bladder control) predominant in this disorder.

* Progressive Supernuclear [sic] Palsy  (PSP): Slowness, walking problems, imbalance, eye movement problems, speech and thinking problems predominate in this disorder.

* Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH): Early walking, thinking and bladder control problems predominate in this disorder. Brain MRI reveals enlarged ventricles and therefore is helpful in detecting this condition.

* Wilson’s disease: A genetic condition with personality changes, thinking problems, dystonia and other movement problems.  Brain imaging, blood and urine copper testing can aid in making this diagnosis especially in young people.

Secondary Parkinsonism. These conditions are caused by other problems.

* Drug induced parkinsonism.  Many antipsychotic medicines and anti-nausea medicines can cause symptoms of parkinsonism or even worsen movement problems when given to people with Parkinson’s disease.

* Vascular parkinsonism. Can cause problems with slowness, shuffling gait and thinking problems.  Head CT or MRI may be helpful in determining this.  Treatment includes careful control and treatment of cardiovascular and stroke risk factors such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, depression and sedentary lifestyle.

* Strokes

* Brain injury. Repeated brain trauma with concussion (ie. Boxing) and injury from lack of oxygen such as after cardiac arrest.

* Toxin exposure such as carbon monoxide poisoning, heavy metal exposure (industrial exposure to manganese, lead, cobalt or mercury), agent orange.

Four Stages of PSP (PSP Association, UK)

Last month, a terrific article was published on progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) in a nursing journal. The article shares a list of symptoms in the four stages of PSP from the PSP Association, based in the UK. The four stages are:

  1. Early stage
  2. Mid stage
  3. Advanced stage
  4. End of life stage

The symptoms are copied below. I’m sure you can overlook the British spellings.

Robin


 

Best Practice in PSP
PSP Association (UK)
2012

Early stage:
May present via the fracture clinic, falls services, eye specialist or speech and language therapist. The early stage typically spans years 0-1.

  • Ambulant.
  • Occasional falls.
  • Unsteadiness and poor balance.
  • Possible visual problems affecting ability to read.
  • Voice changes, for example reduced volume.
  • Mood changes.
  • Reduced socialising.
  • Changes in mood and behaviour, including apathy and anxiety.

Mid stage:
Many people reach this stage before diagnosis. Consider discussing advance care planning and advance decisions to refuse treatment. Consider referral to palliative care services. The mid stage typically spans years 2-3.

  • Ambulant with aids.
  • High risk of falls and injury.
  • Visual problems affecting self-care abilities, for example eating and walking as unable to move eyes to see.
  • Speech increasingly unintelligible.
  • Inability to initiate conversation.
  • Impulsivity (risky or impulsive behaviour).
  • Apathy.
  • Dysphagia.
  • High level of supervision required.
  • Increasingly socially withdrawn.

Advanced stage:
Patients should be on GP palliative care register and have access to specialist palliative care.
The advanced stage typically spans years 3-6.

  • Mobility significantly compromised, probably chair bound requiring a wheelchair for mobility.
  • Significant visual problems.
  • Significant muscle stiffness.
  • Significant communication problems, but probably still able to understand.
  • High risk of aspiration and pneumonia as a result of dysphagia.
  • Pain.
  • Increasing periods of sleepiness.
  • Incontinence.
  • Severely withdrawn socially.
  • Dependent for most or all aspects of care.

End of life stage:
This stage is difficult to detect, but may be indicated by reduced levels of consciousness, inability to eat or drink, acute infection, a fall or major fracture, and rapid and significant weight loss. The end of life stage typically spans 6-8 weeks.

  • Severe impairments and disabilities.
  • Rapid and marked deterioration in condition.
  • Decisions with regard to treatment interventions may be required, considering an individual’s previously expressed wishes (advance decisions to refuse treatment).

Love-Trust-Humor-Patience (article by PSP spouse caregiver)

Here’s an article written by Ann Ludwig, leader of the Phoenix-area PSP support group and breast cancer survivor.  I believe it will be published in the CurePSP newsletter at some point.  Ann sent me an advance copy; we were in touch last year to make “emergency” arrangements for her husband’s brain donation as it didn’t appear that he would get out of the hospital.  When she contacted me last year, her husband Tom was in the ICU and there was discussion of a ventilator.  In the article, she notes the inadequacy of Tom’s living will.  He was placed on a ventilator, and had a tracheotomy.  Surprisingly, he did get back home.  And, more surprisingly, she recently weaned him from the assisted ventilation.  It’s not clear from Ann’s article what sort of quality of life Tom has at this time.

This may be one of those articles that is good to discuss as a family.  If you are in the ICU with aspiration pneumonia, would you want to be put on a ventilator if the thought was that this was a temporary measure?  What if you’d be on the ventilator for 9 months?

Lots to think about….

Robin

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LOVE-TRUST-HUMOR-PATIENCE
by Ann Ludwig
May 2013

LOVE-TRUST-HUMOR-PATIENCE…one can not give or accept care and function fully without all four.  The following is a brief account of my individual journey as I continue to partner  husband Tom Dezelsky along this rocky path strewn by the presence of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy in our lives.

Here I am, 76 years old, and until a dozen years ago ‘caregiver’ was a sad word about some unknown good soul caught turning his or her life over to the integrity of those infamous words…’til death do us part…in sickness and in health…for better or worse….and so on.  My resume reads wife, lover, mother, grandmother, friend…professor, choreographer.  I can now add caregiver.  Odd one out is choreographer yet I would argue  that profession, especially, has helped foster in me the ability to think outside the box.

And how important that ability has been.  There are suggestions, good ones, from many sources, on procedures to follow, but almost always a ‘slight to significant difference’ in the many faces of the disease leaves the nonprofessional, the caregiver, feeling insecure and stressed about the best actions to take .

When was Tom diagnosed?  Seems such a simple question…yet the diagnosis and the disease don’t necessarily  start on the same line;  reminds me of a track meet where  starting points on the oblong circle track all look different yet the finish line looms large and inevitably the same.  In retrospect it seems Tom has been in the grip of this disease for at least eight or nine years.  I found the symptoms which matched Tom’s actions on the internet, printed out and took to Tom’s primary physician, neurologist, and eye doctor.  The physician had not heard of the disease; neurologist said couldn’t be; eye doctor considered the possibility.

Looking back I see images of Tom leaping from rock to rock in pursuit of the trout….its hiding place…the deepest hole…agile, surefooted,  quick to change directions. The initial subtle loss of those capabilities did not go unnoticed by me, but too often unrecognized by him…he was sure this time he could make it….eventually from chair to walker to kitchen window to look out at the unusual desert storm.  Then 911, again.  Balance turned to missteps, falling, need of tools/walkers, wheel chairs, then loss of any of his individual input into getting around; finally almost total loss and in the hands of others.

Tom was on the davunetide clinical trial at Mayo Clinic.  It involved periodic sessions with a battery of tests, both physical and psychological. Within the last few months the trial was aborted “although davunetide was safely tolerated by those participating in the study, the drug displayed no significant effect in relieving the symptoms of PSP or slowing the progression of the disease.” (CurePSP Newsletter, Jan/Feb 2013).  Tom was in the study for eleven months; he was notified in February that he was taking the drug and not the placebo.

June, 2012, Tom entered the hospital with aspiration pneumonia, oatmeal in the lungs, and started the beginning of what will surely be the last stage.  ICU, then a nursing facility, the medical wisdom that he might never go home; a tube for nutrients to prevent more episodes of aspiration pneumonia; a trach to become his mode to insure a living breath.

Procedure for the trach and tube required sedative.  Doctors associated with that procedure, but unfamiliar with PSP, felt that Tom was taking much too long to wake.  Whenever doctors came through Tom silently lay there listening, I know, but not with any response.  On one occasion after a doctor left Tom opened his eyes and shook his hand from side to side with, familiar to me, his ‘what is that all about’ gesture.  I finally came to taking video with my smart phone to show him awake and exercising his feet, gesturing thumbs up or down in response to my conversation.  The medical profession is late to the little information that is known about PSP and often makes assumptions based on a thumbnail sketch.

But what is his wish?  He signed a living will tied to brain function, a traditionally written document of matter over mind…”if I can’t do a, b, or c then let me go…wouldn’t want to live like that” implied in the text.  To me, those phrases are overrated, like ordering a new blouse online.  Looks great until it is put on.

Finally, home for that illusive and ill defined quality of life; the caregiver, the lover, the friend, the family becomes the quality of life that is directly reflected in the patient.  Tom’s past three or four years have served to adjust his responses and some sort of acceptance to a different way of being.  We have both become acclimated to making this new normal a means of existence.  He still hugs…still puckers up to give me a kiss…my measuring stick of his presence.  He allows my bad jokes, my singing over the constant music we play with only that hand wave talked about earlier putting a perspective on it all.

Where am I, the caregiver, in all of this? I had breast cancer from July 2010 thru March 2011.  As caregiver, however, it was necessary to continue ‘caring’ thus surgery, chemo, radiation was business as usual.  Tom went along to all the radiation treatments…(66 of them).  He sat in the car, it was the cool time of the year in AZ, and listened to audio tapes until I returned.  Maybe all that is saying is that thinking outside the self helps maintain a positive approach to the circumstances in which one exists.

Tom is the journey, I am the sub-journey.  From the time my mother moved into the Alzheimer’s section of an assisted living unit in her mid eighties…I made it my ‘pleasure’ to call my dad every day…usually around 4 or 5 to miss the long silences that came as he watched the Diamondbacks play ball.  Now I know how important and what a gift that was to myself and to him.  That is one of  three best things I take credit for.  Add having something to do with bringing three kind and courageous children into the world, and now, being a partner in Tom’s journey.  I don’t want him to go this alone…I am there by choice; it is a quality of life choice for me.

But the big question hangs around the edges.  How will Tom leave us…we have come so far yet gained so little.  He will die in this house…with me and Samantha, his loving and faithful dog…like in the old movies.  I feel satisfied that will be OK with him much as he loves the whole extended family.  We always did make a good team.

With the blessing of the doctor I weaned Tom from the vent assist program (SIMV) to the machine that sounds when its settings are not being recognized yet does not jump in to help.  That made him qualified for hospice philosophy and an assist on the front line, already fortified with some very caring and helpful others.

This is the second to the last missing link to the final chapter.  Then comes the donation of his brain to help further investigation into what and why and when and who.  Finally, closure that all has not been in vain…someone out there is finding an answer.

With both curiosity and a desire for sharing and comparing hope and information about the struggle, Tom and I, in April of 2010, at the suggestion of the CurePSP office, formed a support group in Arizona; sessions are held at the Pyle Adult Center in Tempe the first Saturday of every even month.  Caregivers, patients, family, and medical professionals are urged to attend.  We have had as few as six and as many as 26 people present.  On occasion a speaker knowledgeable about some of our needs comes to answer questions, share information.

Talking with the Support Group I continue to be impressed how each caregiver responds to his or her spouse, friend, or family member.  We all have questions, yet most have a sense of boldness in the face of undetermined solutions.

LOVE, TRUST, HUMOR, PATIENCE are working tools that support the caregiver’s back.  NO doubt about it…I would not choose to write the story this way.  It is a different world; no sense trying to make it the world you once knew.  That will rob you of the possibilities, without a doubt the challenges, that do come with living outside the box.